The tax year-end of 2022/2023 is February 28 and is fast approaching, and now is the best time to take advantage of tax-efficient retirement and savings products.

Head of actuarial and product at PSG Wealth, Jan van der Merwe, shares key insights into the features of retirement annuities, tax-free savings accounts and how to get the most out of them.

What are retirement annuities and tax-free saving accounts?

Retirement annuity (RA) products are designed specifically to focus on savings for retirement. Although not designed specifically for retirement, tax-free savings accounts (TFSAs) have unique tax-related features that can be leveraged to supplement retirement savings. Let’s consider the key features of each product.

While both products provide tax incentives to save, as well as benefits when creating a long-term financial plan, appropriate product choices will depend on your individual circumstances.

A combination of the two may be the right approach to achieve the desired outcomes by leveraging the benefits of each to achieve your retirement and savings goals.

Choosing the right product for your needs

Since an RA is specifically designed to help you save for retirement, it should be your first choice in this regard. It allows you to contribute larger tax-efficient savings amounts and enables you to build up a larger pot of retirement savings. Arguably, an RA is also more beneficial for retirement savings because you cannot access these savings until the age of 55 (with some exceptions) - and so temptation to withdraw retirement savings (and deplete your retirement capital) is removed.

Nevertheless, TFSAs are great products to supplement long-term savings, as they give you flexibility in two key areas:

Access to your funds – Bear in mind however, that since TFSAs are intended for long-term investment, it is advisable to limit any withdrawals from these products. You should instead let them grow over time to obtain the full benefit of the tax savings.
Underlying investment choice – TFSAs are not subject to the limitations of Regulation 28, so you have greater flexibility on the assets in these portfolios.

With both products, there is one key element to keep in mind – start saving as early as possible.

How tax-free investments can be used to supplement RA savings

A TFSA can make a valuable and flexible addition to your retirement income.

The following simplified example considers an investor who saves in a TFSA to supplement the 15% of salary they have contributed to an RA from the age of 25.

He/she retires at age 65, transfers the untaxed lump sum portion of RA to a living annuity and selects a drawdown rate of 6%. (Drawdown rate is the annual income paid from a living annuity, expressed as a percentage of the total portfolio value).

At retirement, they have the option of using their TFSA savings as an additional source of tax-free retirement income.

The additional monthly income they can add to their RA income from their TFSA is shown below:

Additional income generated at retirement by drawing on TFSA savings (in today’s money)

What to remember with RA and TFSA contributions

With a TFSA, you will be penalised if you contribute more than the R36 000 annual allowance. A penalty of 40% will be applied on amounts exceeding this limit.

With an RA, there is no penalty for exceeding the tax-deductible contribution amount. There is an annual tax-deductible limit on RAs, but you may contribute more than 27.5% of your income. Any excess amount is carried over to the next tax year, and therefore has the potential to provide tax relief in future years.

Considerations regarding the underlying investments in each product

With a TFSA, the restrictions are less limiting than with an RA. TFSAs are not allowed to invest directly in securities or funds that have performance fees. However, you can invest in exchange traded funds and funds that have 100% offshore exposure.

RAs are subject to various limits on exposure to the major asset classes, most notably a limit of 75% that can be invested in shares. In addition, only 45% of your RA can be invested offshore.

Investing in a TFSA on behalf of minors

A TFSA can be opened by any individual who has a tax number, or for a minor who has a South African ID number. This can be useful for parents who want to start saving for their children’s education.

Keep the following factors in mind when deciding on investing in a TFSA for your child:

If you open a tax-free savings account in the name of a minor and exhaust their R500 000 lifetime contribution allowance (for example, by the time they are 18 years of age), they will not be able to contribute further to a tax-free savings account.
Once your child turns 18, the investment will vest in their name and they will be allowed to withdraw the funds.
The above needs to be weighed up against the benefit of opening a TFSA early and allowing it to achieve its maximum growth potential.

It is important to engage with a financial adviser

TFSAs are ideal investment vehicles to supplement retirement savings, as they allow for additional flexibility and diversification. However, finding the right balance between an RA and a TFSA may not always be a simple task. A financial adviser will help you with this.

*Affiliates of the PSG Konsult Group, a licensed controlling company, are authorised financial services providers www.psg.co.za.

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